The research at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG) at Aarhus University spans from basic to applied research within molecular biology. The department is organised in six research sections (Plant Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, Neurobiology, RNA Biology and Innovation, Protein Science and Cellular Health, Intervention and Nutrition), a number of centres of excellence and various interdisciplinary centres.

The research takes place largely in collaboration with researchers from other laboratories, both in Denmark and abroad, and often in collaboration with researchers from other areas of research. Several of the department's researchers also have a collaboration with industry.